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Thin film absorbing material · Ultra thin EMI suppression scheme
In the design of smartphones and wearable devices, engineers are facing an increasingly severe engineering problem: the internal space of devices is becoming smaller, while the electromagnetic environment is becoming more complex -5G antennas, Wi Fi modules, Bluetooth, etc NFC、 Wireless charging and other wireless functions coexist within a few millimeters thick body, and electromagnetic interference between them has become a key bottleneck affecting user experience.
Although traditional wave absorbing materials such as foam or rubber absorbers have excellent wave absorbing performance, their thickness is usually at the millimeter or even centimeter level, and they can not fit into the narrow space of modern consumer electronics products. What engineers need is an absorption solution that can be attached to the chip without taking up space.
�� Core solution:Thin film absorbing materials are born to solve this contradiction. It achieves effective absorption of electromagnetic waves in specific frequency bands within a limited space with an ultimate thickness of 0.05-0.5mm, becoming the "last line of defense" for EMI suppression in consumer electronics.
Thin film absorbing materials refer to a type of functional material that combines absorbing materials with thin film technology, achieves efficient absorption of electromagnetic waves by finely controlling the microstructure of the material. It is mainly prepared by special processes using flexible polymer materials and high magnetic permeability or high dielectric loss materials.
Flexible polymers (such as resins, silicone rubber, polyurethane, etc.) provide mechanical support, flexibility, and cutting ability, adapting to curved surfaces and narrow spaces.
Magnetic powders (soft magnetic alloys, ferrites), conductive fillers (carbon nanotubes, graphene) or dielectric fillers are uniformly dispersed to construct a microscopic path for electromagnetic wave loss.
The mystery of 'thin':It is not by increasing the propagation path through thickness, but by using high magnetic permeability or high dielectric loss to "attract, retain, and consume" electromagnetic waves - the absorption efficiency per unit thickness is much higher than that of traditional absorbing materials.
In electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) engineering, "shielding" and "absorbing" are two different technical routes.
Copper foil, conductive cloth, etc., reflect electromagnetic waves through high conductivity to prevent them from entering sensitive areas. Advantages: High shielding effectiveness; Disadvantage: Multiple reflections and standing waves may occur inside the sealed chamber.
By using a loss mechanism to convert electromagnetic wave energy into thermal energy, interference is consumed from the source. Suitable for eliminating internal reflections and crosstalk in cavities (near chips, around antennas).
Engineering combination:Thin film absorbing materials are usually used in conjunction with shielding materials - the shielding layer "blocks" most of the remaining reflected waves, and the absorbing layer "eats up" the residual reflected waves, achieving a protective effect of 1 1>2.
The absorption process of thin film absorbing materials can be divided into two key steps:
Accurately adjust the dielectric constant and magnetic permeability to make the material's characteristic impedance close to free space (377 Ω) and reduce surface reflection. When the thickness is designed to be 1/4 or 1/2 of the wavelength, the matching can be optimized.
Magnetic thin films: hysteresis loss, magnetic domain resonance, eddy current loss; Dielectric type: dipole polarization, interface polarization. Convert electromagnetic energy into thermal energy.
The core capability of thin film absorption:Impedance matching allows waves to enter, while high losses prevent waves from remaining (dissipating in the form of thermal energy).
Thin film absorbing materials can be divided into three categories based on their functional fillers and loss mechanisms:
Filler: ferrite, soft magnetic alloy; Losses: hysteresis, magnetic domain resonance, eddy current; Frequency band: MHz to GHz low frequency end; Application: RFID/NFC anti metal, low-frequency EMI suppression.
Filler: Metal composite materials such as nickel and cobalt; Loss: Conductivity and magnetic loss; Frequency band: broadband; Application: High conductivity required scenarios.
Fillers: carbon nanotubes, graphene MXene； Loss: dielectric, interface polarization; Frequency band: High frequency above GHz; Applications: 5G communication, satellite navigation, millimeter wave.
| Type | Main fillers | Loss mechanism | Applicable frequency band | Typical Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| magnetic thin film | Ferrite, soft magnetic alloy | Hysteresis, magnetic domain resonance, eddy current | MHz to GHz low frequency end | RFID/NFC anti metal, low-frequency EMI |
| Metal based composite film | Nickel, cobalt and other metal composite materials | Conductivity magnetic loss | wideband | Scenarios requiring high conductivity |
| Nanostructured thin films | Carbon nanotubes, graphene MXene | Dielectric and interface polarization | High frequency above GHz | 5G communication, satellite navigation, millimeter wave |
0.05–0.5mm， Core differentiation indicators. The thinner the space, the stronger the adaptability, but the absorption efficiency needs to be balanced.
Covering 3MHz-40GHz. Research Platinum brand products have a maximum absorption of -18.24dB at 2-18GHz, a bandwidth>5.75GHz, an average partial reflection coefficient of -25dB, and a bandwidth of 8GHz.
The RL of the research platinum brand multilayer absorbing film reaches -54.1dB at 14.08GHz. -10dB=90% absorption, -20dB=99% absorption.
The lower the reflection, the smaller the reflection. Advanced Institute Technology reduces surface resistance to below 0.1 Ω/sq through nanocomposites.
Working temperature -40 ° C~120 ° C, compliant with RoHS and REACH, halogen-free and environmentally friendly.
Countermeasures for flexible cable noise, reduction of radiation hazards, and suppression of resonance crosstalk within shielding frames. Curlable phones and wearable devices are suitable due to their flexibility.
High magnetic permeability bundles magnetic flux, reduces eddy currents, and ensures communication. Research shows that platinum absorbing materials can be bonded with 0.03-0.1mm double-sided tape for anti metal labels.
Suppress multiple reflections, absorb clutter, and eliminate interference between devices in mobile phones, digital cameras, and laptops.
Reduce electromagnetic radiation from aircraft and improve stealth performance; Stealth fighter jets, missiles, and other equipment are widely used in military protection under the Research Platinum brand.
The absorption performance of single-layer thin film absorbing materials is limited, and the frequency band width is narrow. When single-layer materials cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of "thin" and "wide frequency", multi-layer structure design becomes an effective path to improve performance.
The matching layer achieves impedance matching, the absorption layer consumes energy, and the reflection layer reduces transmission.
The transition layer smooths impedance differences and the strong loss layer provides efficient absorption.
Performance improvement:Compared to a single-layer structure, a three-layer structure significantly improves absorption performance and has a wider frequency bandwidth. The reflection loss of the research platinum brand multilayer absorbing film reaches 14.08GHz-54.1dBThe effective absorption bandwidth reaches 6.3GHz (11.7-18GHz).
Low frequency (MHz) magnetic thin film selection; Choose nanostructures or dielectric materials for high frequencies (above GHz). The research platinum brand covers frequencies ranging from 3MHz to 40GHz.
When the thickness is 0.05-0.5mm and the space is extremely limited, choose thinner products and accept a certain compromise in performance.
Working temperature -40 ° C~120 ° C, stability needs to be evaluated if exceeded. Stored at 0-30 ° C, with a shelf life of 12 months.
Single layer is suitable for general requirements; Multilayer is suitable for high-end applications with wide bandwidth and high absorption rate.
Can fit different types of double-sided tape (0.03-0.1mm), making it easy to quickly assemble on the production line.
The essence of thin film absorbing materials is to find an engineering balance between the seemingly contradictory requirements of "thinness" and "absorption". It does not rely on "thickness" to increase the propagation path of electromagnetic waves, but on impedance matching to allow electromagnetic waves to "enter" and high loss mechanisms to make electromagnetic waves "unable to stay" - completing the conversion from electromagnetic waves to thermal energy within millimeter level thickness.
From smartphones to wearable devices, from RFID anti metal to military stealth - thin film absorbing materials are pushing electromagnetic protection from "thick and heavy" to "thin and light". Understanding the physical logic of impedance matching, the frequency band applicability of different material types, and the performance differences between single-layer and multi-layer structures - these are the key to upgrading thin film absorbing materials from a "roll of patch" to an "engineering tool".
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